squier



Aug. 11, 1925. I 1,549,032;

G. O. SQU1ER k TREE TELEPHONY AND TELEGRAPHY I Filed Aug. 8, 1919 3 Sheds-Sheet 1 @w w y Y l j Aug. 11, 1925. 1,549,032

G. O. SQUIER TREE TELEPHONY AND TELEGRAPHY Filed Aug. 8, 1919 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 11, 1925. 1,549,032

G. o. SQUIER TREE TELEPHONY AND TELEGRAPHY I Fi1edAug.8, 1919 "Sweets-Sheet 3 FigJ INVENTOR.

'G-YEORGE o. soumn, orwesnrneronfmstmicr on COLUMBIA.

i; "T LZZ whom Mindy concern ,v ,Beit' known that I; GEORGE citizen "of the United States; residing at 4 We'shin gto'n District of 'Columbialhave in- 'in' Tree Telephony, and lTelejgraphyfof Whichthe following is a specification.

iyeation. Y ,1 i i 3. [More particularly, the invention relates to corresponding foreign Letters Patent 'Brit- ;ish Patent i 2&610 of 1904 1 have discovcredheretofore that tall trees and likegrovvli ging vegetation possessed electrical-conducecepti'on t of signaling eleetrO ma'gnetic f-"antenna or aerial- With the use of a'direct' ":ea-rth ground or equivalentp'oint of connection with the tree, region.v

3 have recently discovered that living 7 V vegetable organisms generally are adapt-ed i for the transmission and reception of radio or high, frequency oscillations, whether i I damped or undampech With the use of a suitable 'counterpoise. I have further dis-Q I "covered that" such living organisms are adapted for respectively transmitting or 'h 'receiving a plurality-of separate trains of "radio or high frequency oscillations simultaneously, in the communication of either or bot-h telephonic or telegraphic messages.

In such'use o-fan antenna ComprisinglliV- V V i the following description and the accom- '9 ing vegetable organism and a counterpoise. I

'- have discovered that optimum results are 010-, A

' Fig". l :is a diag ammatic taindupon arrangingithe point of conneci on 'of the transmitting or the 5 receiving set W-it in a certain region of the,tree,'or other living vegetable-organism; for trees indig'enous inithe temperate,zones, I have discov- 'er'e'd fth at so oh optimum point r of connection isin a region approximately two-thirds "of above the-exposed;

111-: the we esiredg dfimge frequency;' I

7 TREE 7 TELEPHoNYANn EIQEGRAPHY'.

i Alip icationi filedoAugust 8, ieiegse i'ai Nb. 516,225.

' This invention relates to radio communi- 3 radio transmission and i reception through 782 18-13 dated February 7;;1905; and

rotated in horizontal plane, whereby ele'c-Y r t 7 p H tro-rnagnetie wavestraveling-in agdirection i tivity of a certain nature adapted for. the p v fc-ur'rentsin the tree. and'the coilsgwvhiehia Wavesand capable of-form'lng a part of an re ations to one anotherw'and to employlin' .panvingr drawings; in which;

fer-red form of anarrangementof receiving connecterlhjr the same leading-in Wireto the O. SQUIER,21 con'xinon receiving antenna for the respective V I I v Q a inclividualrecelvingsets;.andysimilarlyyfor 1 vvented certain new! and useful Improvements same tree, Wherebysuch tree servesjasflthe tran emitting mum trains-of telephonicyori telegraphic high frequency oscillationsfa plurality I of transmitting. qsets; respectively resonant to any 'desired' iriequenoy maythe connectedby a common lead-in W'irefto "the sameftree serving asthe common antenna In. th'e more'preferred forms of my in} 1 I vention I have devisedisuitablef means for r F selectivedirectionalreception of radians ci'llations of any 'desiredidefinite frequency, V hv theuse of coils in'eornhination' with'a; 11 tree the-"windings" of the coils" disposedjin r substantial mmuehsinand mounted torzbe parallel to the planes-ofi' the coilsinduce tion will neutralize eacho-thers eifectgevvhile V electro nagneticWaves traveling ina direc ionperpendicularto the planesof th nithe potent nod? V induce" currents only in :the'tree;- thus" pro du an eiiect'in the detector. V 1 The counterpoise comprises preferably a; suitable extent oficond'u'ctor, in thesform" of one or-more lengthen-f wire disnosed'he-i i low the surface of the-earth and suitalolv insulatedtherefrom it is desirahleto an" i range a number of individual counteipoises, each extending reetilinea-rly in diflerentdidirectional selection the 'particular counterpoise extending substantially theselected c direction.

'3 Further' features and 'olojects ot the invention willbe more fully understood from vertical-.ele- 1 l} vation of a f preferred iform of"thefinvem; .tionq i Fig, 2

is a view of one pre-' 9 sets; embodying; ruv invention: and V I '-F ig,i 3 is adiagrammatic view offa pre i'erred formo arrangement of"transmis- V nlsetsemhodying' mv invention.

e erringfto' Fin 1, the circuit designated 3, arranged with a telephone or any suitable recording device in the usual manner. Such attuned receiving circuit 1 is suitably coupled through transformer windings or otherwise with proper regulatable reactance with the tree or other living vegetable organism and in Fig. 1 I have indicated the point i as representing the location of a metallic nail, or equivalent, aiiixed' to and extending wi hin the body of such tree. I have discovered that optimum results for any particular tree is dependent upon the physical contour of the s ace occupied by the iranches and leaves as well as the subterraneous portions of the tree such as the roots and that generally the optimum results are attained by affixing the nail within the region of the tree substantially two-thirds er the height of the tree above the surface of the earth. v

To such nail 4, is connected one end of the lead-in wire 5, preferably enclosed in suitable insulation, and connected at its other end with the resonant circuit 6 comprising the adjustable inductance coil 7 and the adjustable condenser 8. The lead 9 connects the circuit 6 with the counterp'oise 10, preferably comprising one or more metallic wires 11 extending substantially rectilinear-- ly and electrically insulated from the earth 12 by means of suitable insulation 13,' as enclosing such wire or wires 11 within a suitable insulating coating. Such coating' 13 extends preferably an appreciable distance above the surface 14 of the earth 1:2.

In the use of my invention with living vegetable organism comprised in the antenna, I have arranged the counterpoise 10'-l3 extending in the rectilinear direction substantially parallel to the plane passing through the transmitting station, the receiving station and the center of the earth. It is advantageous to arrange a plurality of individual counterpoises l0 radiating in diiierent r ctilinear directions, with a suitable switching device for connecting the lead 9 with the particular counterpoise p'ar allel to or most closely parallel to the selected direction.

Such coil 7 is preferably a primary coil suitably spacially coupled. with an adjust able secondary coil 15 connected in the circuit comprising the variable condenser 52 and detector 3. In the specific form of the invention shown in Fig. 1, such secondary coil 15 is provided with the lead wire 16 connected to the terminal 17 of the reversing switch 18 (shown diagrammatically) the other end of the secondary coil 15 being connected by the wire 19 to the terminal 20 of the reversing switch 18. Such terminal 17 is connected by the cross wire 21. with the terminal 272 and the terminal 20 connected bythe cross wire 23 with the terini'nal 24:. The pivoted knifeblades 25, 26,

having the handle 27, are mounted in the usual vmanner on the central terminals 28, 29. The coil 30 represents diagrammatically a coil comprising a desired number of w'adings of successive turns of exposed or insulation covered wire, each turn lying substantially in a common vertical plane and the coil indicated at 31.represents a similar plurality of turns of windings mounted in substantially a common vertical plane. One terminal of the coil 30 is connected with one of the central terminals of the reversing switch 18, say terminal 28, and one ter minal of the coil 81 is connected with the other central terminal 29, of the reversing switch 18. The other terminals of the coil 30 is connected by the wire 32 with the leads of the Variable condenser 2 in shunt with the detector or amplifier 3, while the other terminal of the coil 31 is connected by the wire 33 to the opposite lead of the variable condenser :2 and the detector of amplifier Such setof coils 30, 31 are suitably mounted to be rotated horizontally, where by all turns of the coils 30, 31, at any given position lie substantially in a common vertical plane. Such coils 30, 31, may be arranged on a common wooden or like insulating frame of cylindrical, rectangular or other desired contour in cross section.

By virtue of such arrangement the primary and secondary circuits are respectively directly exposed to and simultaneously electroui'ragnetically acted upon by the incoming oscillations, and by means of the reversing; switch 18 the relations of the coils 30 and 31 to the circuit 6 may be reversed.

By means of such barrage effect, the os cillations or any given wave length directed in any definite absolute direction are cut out from the detector or amplifying circuit and enable oscillations of similar or the same wave length directed in a different direction to he conducted to the detector or amplifying circuit. By means of such accumulating effect of the coils 30, and the switch 18, the waves of any definite wave length received in any definite absolute direction are amplified and enable long distance reception at any wave length.

In practice. I have carried out the invention for reception by the use of either a single receiving set or a plurality of receiving sets. Such receiving" set or sets may be arranged either to receive damped high freqiiency oscillations or undamped high fre quencly oscillations.

In I have illustrated diaq g'rammatically one form of the application of the invention for the simultaneous reception of a plurality of diiferent trains of high frequency oscillations;

The nail 4 is indicated as located in electrical connection'with the tree at an op- :1 a'9 ,osj2" tiin umt point 36, the lead-in'Wire'B'Trbeingsimultaneously radio' o scilla-tionsgfeither V connected at its upperend with the nailr4 pand at-its lower end withtheincoming cons nector bar 38; The connector 38 is pro- .i'5 'vided with the individual switches- 39%40- .i' 41,etc. corresponding tothe number of in- Q dividual receiving'sets. vThe outgoing-com nector bar'42 is connectedwby thelead- 43 I v niina ls of thesecondary '47 "are" suitably connected inthe input circuit includingvthet filament cathode 5 1 of the vacuum valve'l52 hand-the grid- 53 and comprises the variable ficondenser .54 in shunt With'thefsecondary 47, the condenser 55 and the grid leak re- Tsistance'56. The outputicircuit comprises {the battery 58, or,equivalent,'the anode plate 7 59,'- the filament cathode 1'51, and; the tele-' phonareceiver or other audible; or any visual'indicatorh'f. The heating circuit of the filament cathodeincludes the battery 60 V tenna' 85. VUpon. closure of both switches],

i and the ariable resistance 61. Y 1

,like elements are designated by like reference numbers 7 r 1 1 r The receiving set 63 is'indicated of the un- 4 damped oscillation receiving type and corn- 5 prises the additional; inductance turns 64 7 having oneterminal connected to one terminal of the its other terminal connected 'to' the yaphonereceiver 57 and the storage battery 58.

The remaining. elements of the receiving set 63 correspond to like elements of the receiving set and are designated by like reference numbers; 7 V In Fig. .2 I have shown the-switch 39 in closed position; with-the prima-ryiinductance 141; in jope'n po'sition with-the primary incordin'gly enabling; the, reception and detecwvhichjth'e receiving set '50 is tuned and Fig.

' 72 to the connector bar 73.

fwith the Vcounterpoise' 10,1ipreferably con 'Thereceiving set 62 is'shown ot' asimi lar damped oscillation receiving type and filament cathode 51 and;

riablecondenser inshunt to the tele' .the' height of contact of the lead wire-con: it 'necting'the transmission set with the treeei- 1 y a 1 The tests show "that the apparent resist- I 120, preci'ably greater'ithan therresistan'ceof the ordinary m'etallic antenna, and" itisjaccord 1 44 of the receiving set 50, the switch in" closedjposition with the primary induetanc'ef 145 01 the receivingr set 63' and-the switch" of dampedoscillatihnsof the frequency simultaneously the reception and detection" flundam'ped oscillations of the frequency; o' whifchthereceiving' set 63 .is' tuned; ff i 3 3' :shows one j fornifof pra-cticall l' ap- 'plmt n e i; mygi veetiee Qt rens ti n, e pl i d in e ent a Pr tice telephonic or telegraphic; eitherdampe'd'QrY V by thelead 7 0 to the connector barfil, and

the ,counterpoise 10 is connected by the lead The transmitting sets 74-; 75, etcf'ot a desired number, are suitably arranged for "single ror"multipletransm1ssion,1 for which 5 purpose theiswitches 76}77,- etc. areqpro "yided. V ,The transmitting sets jare shown of any approved type snch eas the l oscillatingvacuum tube type comprising the:-

i filament cathode- 7 8, the grid 79 and. anode f? 80, arrangedin the vacuum tube 81.,suitably connected with the primaryinductan'ces 82, 8.3, respectively counled'with. the secondary? e I inductance 84, The primary inductances I i 84, 85 are suitably connected to the-connector bar '73 and the connectorban 71 through the'respective switches76; 77. The battery In Fig. the switch 77 closed Iposi or otherso'urce ofelectric currentais indiv catedat186; Theadjustableheatingcircuit ofthe cathode filament .79 is shown compris ing the battery'87 andthevariable resist ifff anodes; I a 1 tion thus Placing-the tr n mitting set 715" it '7 iv "in 'operative'conne ction with the tree serv -7" ing as the antenna. U on closing the switch 2 6 the transmitting sett74; is similarly placedin operative connection with the tree 'ELIl Q s 76, 77 the tree serves as the antenna for the transmission ofsimultaneoustrains of V oscillations emitted by the respective transmitting sets 74, 75, modified by: a key or telephone transmitter, or other (suitable modulator for the transmission of telegraphlcor telephonic messages as desired. 7

In the use of trees or other living vege tableorganismserving as the antennaeor a part thereoiflI have discovered fromtests that such tree possesses .impedance'consisting of two componentsresistance and "reo actance; the latter being usually condensive,l

for oscillations Withintherange of present? i i the apparent capacityof the tree serving as day wave lengths. The tests alsoshowthatj an antenna is substantiallv proportional toanceof a tree serving as an antennais apingly" desirable to": m-odifyfgthe resistance. or

ing on the tree; however, the ordinary "re-- ceivers of present-designfsmaylbe usedand, i e

areresponsive to any; wavelength ofjradiavVhereas I have described my invention by reference to specific forms thereof, it will be understood that .many changes and modifications may be made Without departing from thespirit of the invention as de fined by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. The combination with living vegetable organism, of an electrical conducting element located at a suitable point on said organism above the exposed earth, a counterpoise a plurality of radio transmission sets and common means connecting said transmission sets with said electrical conducting element.

2. The combination With living vegetable organism of an electrical connecting element located at a suitable point on said organism above the exposed earth a counter- GEORGE O. SQUIER. 

